Stark Beta-Glucan food supplement from Stark Pharm is beta-glucan, a natural polysaccharide with pronounced immunomodulatory properties .
Beta-glucan has been extensively studied for its significant antitumor and immunomodulatory properties. To date, over 3,000 specific studies have been conducted. Some sources call this substance the most powerful immunomodulatory drug known today.
Glucans are long-chain polysaccharides whose structural unit is glucose (hexose), which is attached to positions 1 and 3 in this chain. Small side chains grow from the main chain of the polysaccharide.
The most active form of beta 1,3 - D glucans is the one that has side chains at positions 1,6 and which branches off from the main long chain of beta-1,3-glucan. Therefore, in literary sources beta-1,3-glucan is also referred to as beta-1,3/1,6 glucan.
The most common source of beta glucans is the cell walls of the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cervevisial.
How beta-glucan works:
What happens to β-glucan after oral administration?
Key point: β-glucans are not absorbed like glucose.
Human enzymes do not break them down — which is both good and bad:
Stage 1. Passage into the intestine almost unchanged
In the stomach, β-glucan is not destroyed by acids.
It then enters the intestines in the form of long chains.
Stage 2. Interaction with intestinal immune receptors
Receptors are present on intestinal cells and immune cells:
These receptors are specifically “sharpened” to detect fungal β-glucans.
When β-glucan binds to Dectin-1:
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macrophages are activated,
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phagocytosis increases,
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antigen presentation improves,
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increases the activity of NK cells (natural killer),
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cytokine production is regulated.
This is not stimulation , but the correct tuning of the immune response.
Stage 3. Partial uptake by M cells and transfer to GALT
In the intestine, there are M-cells that “transport” particles into the intestinal lymphoid tissue (GALT).
Small fragments of β-glucan can enter:
There, an immunomodulatory cascade is launched.
Stage 4. Prebiotic effect in the colon
Beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium) partially ferment β-glucan → the following are formed:
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butyrate ,
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propionate ,
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acetate .
These metabolites:
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reduce inflammation,
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improve insulin sensitivity,
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strengthen the intestinal barrier,
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nourish the cells of the colon (colonocytes).
Stage 5. Systemic effect
Some fragments of β-glucans (not completely, but partially) can enter the blood in the form of very small particles, which then:
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activate liver macrophages (Kupffer cells),
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affect the bone marrow (granulopoiesis),
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enhance systemic immune response to infections and tumor cells.
This has been confirmed by animal models and some clinical studies in humans.
What are the effects of cordyceps β-glucan for humans (from scientific data)
1) Immunomodulation
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regulates the Th1/Th2 balance,
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reduces excessive inflammation,
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enhances the “specific” immune response to infections.
2) Antioxidant effect
Through activation of intracellular pathways (SOD, GPx, CAT).
3) Anti-infective effect
β-glucans enhance natural resistance to:
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viruses,
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bacteria,
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fungi.
4) Anti-inflammatory effect
May reduce chronic low-level inflammation (inflammaging).
5) Support metabolic health
Due to the effects on the microbiota and insulin sensitivity.
6) Potential antitumor effect
Not directly, but through the immune system:
⚠️ Not a cancer treatment, but used as an adjuvant in some countries.
7) Intestinal protection
Improves barrier function, reduces permeability ("leaky gut").
Is there a difference between β-glucans from different mushrooms?
Yes. In Cordyceps, β-glucans are more branched than in yeast and have different solubility.
This affects:
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binding strength to the Dectin-1 receptor,
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rate of fermentation by microbiota,
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overall biological activity.
Cordyceps β-glucans are generally considered to be milder and more balanced in action than those from baker's yeast or shiitake.
Result
Beta-glucan is beneficial because:
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activates immunity in a natural, balanced way (through Dectin-1, CR3 receptors);
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reduces inflammation;
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improves intestinal function and microbiota;
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has antioxidant and metabolic-protective effects;
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may enhance natural anti-tumor defenses.
Its benefits manifest themselves not as “sugar,” but as an immune and prebiotic signal that the body correctly interprets.
In Japan, extracts containing various types of beta-glucan have been used successfully for the past 20 years to help fight cancer. It has the unique ability to attach to cancer cells and tag them, making them more visible for recognition by the immune system.
In addition to the above-mentioned immunomodulatory effects, beta-glucan lowers cholesterol and helps with high blood pressure. Glucose polymers, a component of beta-glucan, also have a positive effect on the growth of probiotic bacterial species in the intestinal tract (Jaskari et al., 1998) and improve blood lipid composition (Nicolosi et al., 1999).
Beta 1,3-glucan has been described as a drug that can modify the biological response of the body due to its ability to prepare the immune system for action (Miura et al., 1996). It is necessary to distinguish the effect of beta-glucan from the effect of drugs that stimulate the immune system. The action of drugs that stimulate the immune system can lead to an overactive reaction of the body and contribute to the occurrence of autoimmune disease. Beta-glucan increases the ability of the immune system without putting the body in a state of excessive reaction. Modulation of the immune system by beta-glucans can be caused by a change in the activity of macrophages and T-cells (lymphocytes), which is derived from the products of the expression of various cytokines (Borchers et al., 1999). The effect on macrophages is manifested in an increase in their functionality, which allows them to find and eliminate infections and foreign substances in the body; increase the production of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interferon and interleukins), thus enhancing the body's specific and nonspecific immune response (Chihara, 1992; Czop et al., 1989).
Beta-glucan not only activates immunocompetent cells, but also increases the rate of their maturation and, very significantly, increases their lifespan.
Absorption in the body occurs through enterocytes. Beta 1,3-D glucan and similar drugs are transported through the cell walls of the intestinal tract into the lymph, where they integrate with macrophages and enhance the functionality of the immune system.
Enterocytes have been shown to be involved in the transport of beta-glucans and related compounds across the intestinal cell walls into the lymph, where they integrate with macrophages, thereby enhancing the immune system (Frey et al., 1996). Tests with radiolabeled beta-glucan have shown that micro- and macro-particles (fragments) of beta-glucans are found in the blood serum, clearly demonstrating absorption of glucans by the intestinal tract (Tsukagoshi et al., 1984).
In the USA, beta-glucan has received the GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) label – safe. This label is awarded by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). Side effects are almost non-existent. The recommended daily dose of beta-glucan, according to various authors, is 3-3000 mg, depending on whether it is used as a preventive measure or as a supportive drug for various diseases. Most authors recommend taking 25 mg/day as a prophylactic, and 50 to 500 mg/day as a therapeutic dose. To improve absorption, it is recommended to take beta-glucan on an empty stomach 30 minutes before eating.
Indications for the use of beta-glucan are as follows: various infections, high cholesterol, weakened immune system, allergies, chronic fatigue syndrome, hypothermia, colds, stress, general fatigue of the body, gastroduodenal ulcerative lesions, to support the hematopoietic system, as an additional means of cancer treatment.
One capsule contains:
- Beta Glucan (beta-1,3/1,6-D-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls) – 500 mg
Other ingredients:
Recommendations for use:
Can be recommended as a dietary supplement. May help boost immunity.
The product should be used as recommended by a trainer or as prescribed by a doctor.
Method of use:
Take 1 capsule per day 30 minutes before meals, with a glass of water.
The product is not a substitute for a varied and balanced diet. Use only as a supplement to a complete diet.
Caution: Do not exceed the recommended daily amount.
Contraindications: individual intolerance to the product components, children, pregnant women and during lactation.
Release form:
Capsules.
Packaging:
Polymer jars of 60 capsules.
Expiration date:
24 months from the date of manufacture (see the label (packaging) for the date of manufacture or "Use by" date).
Storage conditions:
In a dry, sun-protected place at a temperature of 5°C to 25°C and a relative humidity of no more than 75%; out of the reach of children.
It is not a medicine.
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